Water pollution is largely caused by industrial, agricultural and household wastes which significantly affect human and animal health and the environmental quality of water bodies. Effects of water pollution water pollution has a duel effect on nature. Akaki river ethiopia welcome to ethiopian public health. Petroleum products, such as oil and gasoline, enter the water from ships and marine terminals, offshore oil rigs, runoff from parking lots, factories, oil dumping, and other sources. River water pollution status and water policy scenario in. Intermon oxfam has been working in ethiopia since 1989 in a number of fields and geographical areas, and one of its main objectives is to make drinking water available to the population. Poor storage of industrial and other waste products also result in ground and surface water pollution. Project on air pollution in the context of ethiopia based on. Mar 24, 2019 sometimes the causes of water pollution are quite surprising. Despite these strides, safe water, sanitation and hygiene wash coverage remains insufficient. Pollution of river bodies has become a major problem that is becoming critical because of. Water pollution in ethiopia by lauren sullivan on prezi. The big and main water resources problem in ethiopia is the uneven spatial and temporal occurrence and distribution.
The most important sources of pollution for rivers water in addis ababa are industrials and domestic. Excessive nutrients in water bodies cause a dense growth of plant life and the. Water pollution means any substance that makes water dirty. Although implementing water resources in an integrated manner is important, its management is complex. Ethiopia has a highlevel strategy to pursue agriculturebased industrialisation with a goal of achieving middle income country status by 2025 with no net increase in carbon emissions. Inadequate access to safe water and sanitation services and poor hygiene practices negatively impact health and nutrition. The effects of pollution on human beings and aquatic communities are many and varied. Map of ethiopia, oromia and addis ababa surrounding. In fact, the effects of water pollution are said to be the leading cause of death for. Phosphorus p is a major nonpoint source pollutant that causes eutrophication in surface waters. Estimation of pollution in ethiopia, using perception. Types and sources of water pollution there are several major types of water pollution. Industries discharge their liquid waste products into rivers. Ethiopia did not supply clean water for half of the total population up to the end of 2011.
Wu et al, 1999 and this poor quality water causes health hazard and death of human being, aquatic life and also disturbs the production of different crops ashraf et al, 2010. Control ofpollution, 1 no person shall pollute or cause any other person to pollute the environment by violating the relevant environmental standard. We investigated the ecological status of four large river basins using physicochemical water quality parameters and bioindicators by. Chemicals released by smokestacks chimneys can enter the atmosphere and then fall back to earth as rain, entering seas, rivers, and lakes and causing water pollution. Wastewater production, treatment, and agricultural use in ethiopia. Harmful effects of paint pollution prolonged or high exposure to paint and paint fumes can cause headaches, trigger allergies and asthmatic reactions, irritate skin, eyes and airways, and put increased stress on vital organs such as the heart. Project on air pollution in the context of ethiopia based. Water pollution in ethiopia the water in ethiopia is often contaminated with human sewage, disease, bacteria, and trash. Causes and impact of surface water pollution in addis. A case study of delhi, international journal of current advanced research, 072, pp. Surface water is globally becoming more and more a scarce resource, and in addis ababa the capital of ethiopia, river water quality has been degraded due to anthropological forcing for many years. Sep 07, 2018 public education and awareness about the causes and impacts of water pollution needs to be improved and provided even in developing countries. Water pollution occurs when harmful substancesoften chemicals or microorganismscontaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading water quality and.
Wastewater production, treatment, and use in ethiopia. The human being is the main responsible for water pollution. Our agriculture practice that uses chemical fertilizers. It is also essential nutrient for life and is the 11 th most abundant in the earth crust 1. Outdoor air pollution is a mix of chemicals, particulate matter, and biological materials that react with each other to form tiny hazardous particles. Mekonnen maschal tarekegn environment and climate change management.
Water pollution occurs when the water becomes overloaded with too much of one thing and the aquatic organisms cannot keep up with their cleaning responsibilities. Drinking water, sanitation and hygiene in ethiopia we are water. A wide range of water conflicts appear throughout history, though rarely are traditional wars waged over water alone. Between 8090% of ethiopia s water resources is found in the four river basins namely, abay blue nile, tekeze, baro akobo, and omo gibe in the west and southwestern part of ethiopia where the population is no more. Basically, it is the contamination of water when pollutants are discharged into water bodies without treatment removal of pollutants. Oct 22, 2018 causes and impacts of shankila river water pollution in addis ababa, ethiopia. Switch to renewable energy reduction of the burning of fossil fuels comes with positive impacts, one of them is the decrease of acidification of the worlds oceans and of other associated pollution. Causes of pollution there is no sign of river pollution being stopped. Distribution of physicochemical parameter results in river water, akaki river ethiopia, 2017.
Water pollution can be defined in many different ways. Pdf causes, effects and solution of water polution. Drinking water, sanitation and hygiene in ethiopia we. A study on the causes of water pollution and its effects on. Lack of clean water for personal hygiene can cause a variety of serious infectious diseases, including. Water pollution is the contamination of water in water bodies such as rivers, oceans, lakes and swamps. Water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to contamination of drinking water by untreated. Therefore, the study objective was to investigate causes and impact of surface water pollution in kebena and great akaki rivers.
Source and determinants of water pollution in ethiopia longdom. On my opinion, we can reduce air pollution by making. Water pollution has many different causes and this is one of the reasons why. Many water quality studies conducted in south africa revealed that this problem contributes to the pollution of water resources upon which most rural communities depend for all their domestic and other purposes. However, researches on borkena river pollution and its implication on the environmental sustainability remain overlooked and nascent. It contributes to breathing problems, chronic diseases, increased hospitalization, and premature mortality. To assess the trend of organic water pollution in ethiopia, identify the main. Causes, consequences, prevention method and role of wbphed with special reference from murshidabad district rozina khatun research scholar, department of geography, tilka manjhi bhagalpur university, bihar, india. One of the most destructive types is petroleum pollution. The result of physicochemical, nutrients and trace metal of the akaki river collected in dry and wet seasons from a total of 27 sampling sites are summarized in this report. Causes and impacts of shankila river water pollution in addis ababa, ethiopia.
Humans are the main cause of water pollution, which is triggered in many ways. The resulting water pollution is a serious threat to the wellbeing of both the earth and its population. Polluted water consists of industrial discharged effluents, sewage water, rain water pollution ashraf et al, 2010 and polluted by agriculture or households cause damage to human health or the environment. Abstract water is life for all but this water is polluting day by day in severe condition. Pdf causes, effects and solution of water polution abdul. Project on air pollution in the context of ethiopia 1. Waste water production, treatment and agricultural use in ethiopia. Urban water pollution and irrigated vegetable farming in addis ababa. The complexity also differs across place and time because the.
However, the major causes for air pollution in the. Waste water production, treatment and agricultural use in. The case of addis ababa city sisay teklu ministry of water and energy p. Nov 14, 2008 air pollution on ethiopian perspective andualem abate slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Akaki riverethiopia ethiopian public health institute. Causes of water pollution 1 water pollution may be caused by the intentional or unintentional disposal of hazardous chemicals and materials into a body of water. Akaki river ethiopia ethiopian public health institute. The oromiya and southern nations, nationalities and peoples regions cover the central and southwestern parts of ethiopia. Urban air pollution caused by automobiles in addis ababa.
Objectives of the study the general objective of the study was to identify the main determinants of organic water pollution in ethiopia. Or due to deforestation, which causes sediments and bacteria to appear under the soil and therefore contaminate. A bacterial infection of the eyes caused by the inability to wash the face with clean water, trachoma is a major cause of blindness, notably occurring in africa and asia. Unsafe industrial waste disposal causes surface water contamination. Results are obtained from the manual of the instrument, b. Result of survey about air pollution, water pollution, greens and parks satisfaction, light and noise pollution, etc. Pdf causes and impacts of shankila river water pollution in addis. Water pollution can be considered as a sideeffect of economic growth and is a. It has negative effects on the living and also on the environment. Water pollution facts, types, causes and effects of water. A study on the causes of water pollution and its effects. The major causes of water pollution include sewage and other oxygendemanding wastes, urbanization, agrochemical wastes, thermal pollution, industrial wastes, nutrient enrichment, acid rain. Water conflict is a term describing a conflict between countries, states, or groups over an access to water resources.
A continued monitoring of pollutants as well as a multisectoral approach to solid waste and wastewater management will help improve the river. Furthermore, industrialization is among the major cause of surface water pollution in ethiopia. Valuation of protecting urban river water pollution in addis ababa, ethiopia. Journal of environment and human in press journal of environment and human phosphorus modeling, in lake tana basin, ethiopia tewodros taffese1, seifu a tilahun1, tammo s steenhuis2 1 school of civil and water resource engineering, bahir dar university, bahir dar, ethiopia. Addis ababa city is not clean city as her name, when we see the garbage disposal,west water treatment and disposing, street cleanness and also the quality of the river in the city. Causes of water pollution factors that contribute to water pollution can be categorized into two different groups point sources nonpoint sources point sources are the easiest to identify and control non point sources are ambiguously defined and harder to control. This means that one or more substances have built up in water to the extent of causing problems to people, animals and plants.
Given this, the research had tried to address the following specific objectives. There are many types and sources of water pollution. Causes and impacts of shankila river water pollution in addis. Causes and impacts of shankila river water pollution in. Introduction addis ababa is located within the akaki river basin, which covers an area of 11 454 km 2 ebba 2006. The median value of nitrate, and nitrite, in akaki river water in mgl was 32. Jun 30, 2016 despite the increasing levels of pollution in many tropical african countries, not much is known about the strength and weaknesses of policy and institutional frameworks to tackle pollution and ecological status of rivers and their impacts on the biota. Pollution is undesirable change in the physical,chemical,or biological characteristics of environment including air, water and solid which causes harmful effects to various form of life and property.
Pdf source and determinants of water pollution in ethiopia. The world health organization who has reported a 20%40% increased risk of certain types. This study had tried to assess sources and determinants of organic water pollutant bod emissions in. Therefore, the study objective was to investigate causes and impact of surface water pollution. To show the variations in different water quality parameters along a strip of the river due to the disposal of. There are several sources of water pollution, which work together to reduce overall river water quality. Causes, effects, and solutions for today and tomorrow since people living in the twentyfirst century have the likelihood of experiencing the effects of harmful pollution, looking at the causes of this water and air pollution is definitely vital in halting its devastating consequences.
Introduction dear readers, first of all, i would like to extend my greetings from the bottom of my heart to those of you who have already got convinced on the previous pieces of information on air pollution at different levels. Our company is dedicated to delivering water to the people of ethiopia in creative ways like our new volcano filter. Ethiopian water sector policy ethiopian legal brief. Water and the environment in ethiopia mateos mekiso environmental protection agency epa, addis ababa, ethiopia abstract it is generally recognised that fresh water is regarded as one of the most important natural. The united nations recognizes that water disputes result from opposing interests of water users, public or private. Environment and climate change management eccm department, ethiopian civil service university, ethiopia. To identify the problems and causes of water pollution of akaki river. Hence, this research is carried out to explore the causes and effects of borkena river pollution and its.
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